аЯрЁБс>ўџ -/ўџџџ,џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС@ №П jbjb‹ю‹ю &сŒсŒ№џџџџџџlŠŠŠŠŠŠŠтттт8 &т3ъFF"hhhhhh№ђђђђђђ, =dŠhhhhh<ŠŠhhF<<<h ŠhŠh№<ž"Р"ŠŠŠŠh№<˜<дŠŠд: $оDСтт4дд33дЁ<Ёд<УхStatement for Panel #23: Reality TV, Governmentality, and Citizenship (for Flow Conference 2006, Oct. 26-29, University of Texas at Austin Mark Andrejevic, University of Iowa The revolution will not be TiVo’ed or podcasted, or illegally downloaded, The revolution will not be brought to you by an intelligent agent over the internet. You won’t listen to it on your iPod or upload it to the Facebook. The revolution won’t take place in virtual space, cyberspace, or MySpace. Provocation: It is past time to subject the promise of participation via interactivity to critical scrutiny. We are being told that the coming era of convergent, interactive, and participatory culture is one that heralds a shift in relations of power and control over the culture, the economy, and the state. This may be true in theory. In practice, we are seeing precisely the opposite. Rather than continuing on insisting on forms of empowerment yet to come – around the next corner, and the next, and the next – it is time to confront the discrepancy between theory and reality, promise and deployment. It is in the spirit of such a confrontation that the following statement is offered as an investigation into one of the ways in which interactive forms of participation allow for the replication of one way, assymetrical forms of information gathering that mimic and extend strategies of commercial and state surveillance. If, increasingly, we find ourselves living in a world in which forms of mediated interactivity double as asymmetrical forms of monitoring and information gathering, we are also discovering ways of incorporating the model of asymmetrical monitoring, detection, and interrogation into our mediated interactions with one another. One result is the incorporation of market and policing imperatives into forms of technologically facilitated interactivity. As a genre that caters to the savvy drive for demystification, Reality TV offers itself up as a training ground for this version of interactivity. The paradoxical promise of the genre is to use a variety of contrived techniques – including hidden cameras, perpetual surveillance, surprise, and even mild forms of torture – to extract and isolate moments of uncontrived reality. Such forms of investigation are becoming increasingly prevalent in peer and parenting relationships as the “democratization” of access to the means of surveillance contributes to the importation of state and commercial forms of monitoring into the interpersonal realm. As Mark Crispin Miller (1988) put it in a succinct reformulation of the Big Brother slogan for a reflexive era: “Big Brother is you, watching.” But even the model of a participatory Panopticon tends to focus attention on the targets of surveillance -- those who are subject to various forms of information gathering and the implications of peer-to-peer or commercial monitoring for those targets. Similar concerns regarding the invasion of privacy or the inappropriate use of personal information, as well as forms of discrimination, exclusion, and discipline are raised by a persistent focus on the targets of Panoptic monitoring. However, in an era of distributed surveillance, the amplification of panoptic monitoring relies on the internalized discipline not just of the watched, but also of the watchers. Absent the internalization of norms of conduct and governing imperatives by the watchers, distributed surveillance would amount to little more than the pluralization of control rather than a strategy for its centralization and amplification. The exposure of the watchers as objects of the gaze is the participatory twist highlighted by several reality TV formats including MTVs One Bad Trip and Room Raiders. It is the moment, anticipated in Freud’s discussion of the scopic drive, wherein the role of the voyeur is redoubled by that of the exhibitionist. The savvy spy, engaged in an ongoing process of verification, is exposed as the object of what Lacan described as the imagined gaze in the field of the Other – a gaze literalized by the omniscient reality TV cameras. Such shows offer a reflexive distillation of the role of the savvy subject, who, always on guard against the risks of deception, internalizes the norms and imperatives of surveillance, screening, and sorting. The drive to make oneself seen as someone not fooled by facades aligns itself with the performance of the savvy subject, who takes pride in the ability to discern the “real” (purely strategic and self-interested) agendas and personalities underlying public discourses and symbolic mandates. Practices of mutual monitoring, seen in this light, rely not just on a climate of generalized skepticism and wariness, but upon conceptions of risk that instantiate social imperatives associated with the maximization of productive forces. As a diagram of power, mutual monitoring supplements the model of the (“swarming” of the) Panoptic with the added discipline of watching one another in order to redouble the monitoring gaze of the authorities. The participatory injunction of the interactive revolution extends monitoring techniques from the cloistered offices of the Pentagon to the everyday spaces of homes and offices, from law enforcement and espionage to dating, parenting, and social life. In an era in which everyone is to be considered potentially suspect, we are invited to become spies – for our own good. Miller, M.C. (1988). Boxed in: The culture of TV. Chicago: Northwestern University Press. Whitaker, R. (1999). The end of privacy: How total surveillance is becoming a reality. New York: The New Press. 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