аЯрЁБс>ўџ -/ўџџџ,џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС!` №П bjbj\­\­ .&>Ч>Ч џџџџџџЄЄЄЄЄЄЄЄИ€€€€$Є И„ ЖММММММММ       $: hЂ N) Є ММ  ) ЄЄММ> ‡‡‡ ЄМЄМ ‡  ‡‡ЄЄ‡МА €ѓ€–СхЦ€! ‡ T 0„ ‡№ +R№ ‡№ Є‡|М0ь"‡*сМММ) ) } МММ„    ИИИфœфИИИœИИИЄЄЄЄЄЄџџџџ Sarah Sharma Assistant Professor Communication Studies University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill Panel: Technologies of Transportation and Communication To think about technologies of transportation as media allows one to examine how technologies mediate social relations and communicative acts across space and time. Here, space and time are understood, not as the containers in which communication occurs or where social relations unfold, but as creating the limits and parameters of communicative possibilities. Thinking about the kinds of questions that a transportation approach to communication might allow for, I am drawn to two interrelated inquiries. First, to Raymond Williams’ theory of “mobile privatization” and how this can be applied to the contemporary context, and secondly, to a consideration of how technologies of transport respond to the problem of time? In Television: Technology and Cultural Form, Williams argued that broadcasting served to resolve the tension between the dual processes of increasing mobility and increasing privatization. His theory referred to a spatial complex between work, the road, the automobile, and the home. News, weather, and traffic reports responded to the maintenance of the newly disparate public across space. In their private homes this outside world was being brought in so that people could “safely” leave their homes and be appropriately dressed. The automobile became a space and a means (or media) for the efficient use of time as one got up to date on the latest news on the way to work. The concept of “mobile privatization” can also be extended to account for the ways in which television scheduling has traditionally responded to an imagined public and their imagined spatial practices in time. Traffic, weather, and news in the morning negotiate the space between work and home. Soap operas and a variety of talk shows negotiate the politics of the private sphere and the labor practices of home maintenance. “Primetime” and the 11 o’clock news create closure for the “normal day,” while also bringing the outside in through drama, comedy, or infotainment. Scheduling can be understood as not only creating an audience, but also responding to how the space between work and home gets negotiated temporally. Scheduling works to fix the meaning of different times of the day as time slots get articulated to the imagined spatial practices of an imagined public. But who are the contemporary mobile privatized populations? The notion seems to no longer account for the complexity of mobility, dwelling, and work. The landscape of the contemporary mobile privatized populations might include business travelers, precarious laborers, and night shift workers. Furthermore, the use of new technologies such as DVR (if you can afford it), the range of transportation technologies, and multiple technologies used in transit disrupts the fixity of a public across space and time. In this context, the networks and broadcasters lose the ability to fix the audience in time and space. The tension between work and home is solved, not through broadcasting, but through a combination of a human infrastructure of labor, a range of technological gadgets, lifestyle choices, and strategies of time management. Drive-thru restaurants are fully staffed well before 6am. Books on CD maintain ones cultural capital or contemporary corporate speak en route. Airliners offer international newspapers, and taxi drivers, headsets, and wireless communications replace the personal space of the automobile and the radio. In this context, I think we need to re-visit Williams within the move towards revitalizing Harold Innis’ and James Carey’s theories of communication and transportation. We need to consider how the contemporary characteristics of mobile privatization is a complex and differentiated practice, much different then the suburban subject of Williams’ theorizing. We could examine how the cultivation of mobile and privatized populations creates not only new spaces between work and home, but also new temporalities, such as twenty-four hour labor. In effect, the “transportation as communication” approach allows us to ask, what are the differential social relationships and configurations of time and space that contemporary practices of mobile privatization reconfigure? bcdk›œею + A I Z f j m  ‰ “ ” ™ š  Л М С б    $ ( 3 ] s | Ё Ѓ Є Р С е ж ч    8 R p q s v € ž Ÿ   Љ Ш Ь Ю ќј№ыулзгзЯзгзгзгзЯЫЯЧЯЧзУзјзЯПгПЛПЛЗГЏГЗгЋгЏЗгЏјгЗГгјІЁœІгЏПг hN/>6 hŠВ6 hЛ2S6hѕ™hyQЃh{9LhБ{hћЉh” ‚hЛ2Shn5hL|Уh a€hŠВhŽt–hЛ _hшA€5hЛ _hЛ _5 hЛ _5hЛ _hN/>5hN/>hшA€= !7bcdœ §§§§§§№§§§§§§§§ „а„а^„а`„аgdЛ _ ўЮ ш ў 0 1 9 Y Л Н б я §   & + 0 ; R X Y r s  Š Ž ˜   Ї Ј Ў г м ш CFGLzŽЁЈЊхэяё$Hno›ЧЫгдх^bf‡Ииш№ё 6Dќјќє№ь№ь№ь№шьшјьфьшьјршрјрјрмјмјмшфрфиришршршдшршјшфшјмјшјшмшјмшијмиаиаЬафЧдм hШ6hЛ _hѕ™hyo+hБ{h[e~hyQЃhШhћЉh{9LhЩahЛ2ShŠВh” ‚MDEHŽ7fuЕвщ./4<=JOYZyz‘ #BO{|ВЖФдежл *:;[cgЧШєљ+Мшщэ`wžЙРЩъѕ&њіђюъюъюъцюъцтюцъюоътютъцђъђіђъђюђкжовокЮкђођођцђжђцЪтЮюЮюЮюЮъЮюЮтЮтЮтЮтътЮЦтЦhYdоh№(FhБ{hL|УhћЉh” ‚hЛ _hШhyQЃhyo+hN/>hѕ™h[e~ hN/>6N&)89XYuЃЙКШќџ  ќјќєќјє№ќь№єќјќјшh a€h{9LhБ{hYdоhљJŽhШ,1hАа/ Ар=!А"А# $ %ААаАа а†œ@@ёџ@ NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH DA@ђџЁD Default Paragraph FontRi@ѓџГR  Table Normalі4ж l4жaі (k@єџС(No List &џџџџ !7bcdœ   ˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€ !7dœ ˆ0Уˆ0€ˆ0€Š00€Š0€Š0€Ю D&    џџЋ>.ЬHЌ>. <­>.фн?7EV ASa =*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags €PlaceType€=*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags €PlaceName€9*€urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags€place€ pМЊin  d›O Y к л  ; [ c g  хШБ{yo+n5N/>№(F{9LЛ2SЛ _Щa[e~шA€ a€” ‚?i‹љJŽŽt–ѕ™yQЃћЉŠВL|УYdоЭ=чKяџ@€dd4`dd p@џџUnknownџџџџџџџџџџџџG‡z €џTimes New Roman5€Symbol3& ‡z €џArial"qˆ№аhh ЊY ЊЦm=m=!№ ДДr4d2ƒ№HP)№џ?фџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџшA€2џџ Sarah SharmaUNCUNCўџр…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0p˜АМШдрє   , 8 DPX`hфSarah SharmaUNC Normal.dotUNC3Microsoft Office Word@$Nl?@и<ž€хЦ@ўю“СхЦmўџеЭеœ.“—+,љЎ0є hp|„Œ” œЄЌД М ефUNC=d  Sarah Sharma Title ўџџџўџџџ !"#ўџџџ%&'()*+ўџџџ§џџџ.ўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot Entryџџџџџџџџ РFpˆ–СхЦ0€1TableџџџџџџџџWordDocumentџџџџџџџџ.&SummaryInformation(џџџџDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџџџџџ$CompObjџџџџџџџџџџџџqџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџ џџџџ РFMicrosoft Office Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.8є9Вq